Materials Science and Chemistry

Research Aspects of Materials Chemistry

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Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases along with solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces. It is closely related to study of surface, which targets at modifying the chemical composition of a surface by incorporation of selected elements or functional groups that produce various desired effects or improvements in the properties of the surface or interface.  Biomedical materials are prepared from tissue engineering for the compatibility in the human body. Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices that source, detect and control light, usually considered as a sub-field of photonics. These devices are electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical transducers, or instruments that use such devices in their operation. It is based on the quantum mechanical effects of light on electronic materials, especially semiconductors, occasionally in the presence of electric fields. Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. Superconducting materials are some of the most powerful electromagnets known. They are used in MRI/NMR machines, mass spectrometers, and beam-steering magnets used in particle accelerators. Molecular electronics is the study and application of molecular building blocks for the fabrication of electronic materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. These carbon molecules have unusual properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science and technology. Owing to their extraordinary thermal conductivity and mechanical and electrical technologies, carbon nanotubes act as additives to various structural materials.