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Reshma Karkera

Reshma Karkera

A J Institute of Dental Sciences, India

Title: How green is green nano?

Biography

Biography: Reshma Karkera

Abstract

Statement of the Problem: Nano toxicology focuses on studying and scrutinizing the hazards of nano particles to both humans and environment. Due to the nano size of the nano particles they can translocate to various regions of the body causing deleterious effects. Innumerable studies on nano toxicity have proved the drastic effects on ecology and human health. The pace at which these engineered nano particles came into the market, the risk assessment for these nuances still lags behind. Hence, nano toxicity has been the pivotal reason for the emergence of a more bio-eco-friendly green mode of nano particle synthesis.

Purpose of this review: Green synthesis could be from bacteria, fungi (extracellular or intracellular) yeast, plant, or algae. Compared to the lungs and the gastro intestinal tract, human skin acts as the best barrier against passage of any foreign substances. A lot of studies on toxicity of the nano particles are documented, but very less is known about the unknown…“The Green Nano”.

A schematic study on the impact of accumulated biosynthesized gold nano particles on various organs of two Sprague Dawley rats indicated that lungs were affected and also showed a hypoglycemic effect1. Silver being one of the most used metal in medical fields for its nontoxic and antimicrobial property, toxicity studies done recently on the starch coated silver nano particle synthesized from Piper longum fruit on normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR90) and human glioblastoma cells (U251) showed damages to mitochondria and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)2. Similarly, phytotoxicity of nano silver particles was observed in cucumber and pansy plants only at a very high dose of 3200 ppm3. Research on the effect of biosynthesized silver nano particle on P. mungo seed very clearly indicated toxicity by a slight decrease in germination by percentage4.

Though so much of green chemistry is used all around us it becomes so pertinent that we should know the depth of greenness of these materials.

So thus, this paper is a review mainly focusing whether the nano particles synthesized from the various biological entities are toxic or not?

Conclusion: Though the fear of the unknown daunts everyone it should not deter the scientists drive to innovate.

References:

1Adithan Aravinthan, Seralathan Kamala-Kannan, Muthusamy Govarthanan, Jong-Hoon Kim.(2016) Accumulation of biosynthesized gold nano particles and its impact on various organs of Sprague Dawley rats:a systematic study.Toxicological Research.5:1530-1538
2Tanvir Ahmad, M Kamruzzaman, Md Mominul Islam, Md Hasanuzzaman, Asif Ahmed, Dipak Kumar Paul. (2016) In Vitro antimicrobial activity of different extracts of long pepper (Piper Longum) and water cress (Enhydra fluctuans) against different pathogenic bacterial strains. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 4(3):241-247
3M A Alghuthaymi et al . (2015) Myco nanoparticles:synthesis and their role in phytopathogenesis . Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment .29(2):221-236
4Pratyusha Banerjee, Dabjani Nath .(2015) A Phytochemical Approach to synthesize silver nano particles for nano toxic biomedical application and study on their antibacterial efficacy.Nanoscience Technology.2(1):1-14
5Shakeel Ahmed, Mudasir Ahmad, Babu Lal Swami, Saiqa Ikram (2016) A review on plant extract mediated synthesis of silver nano particles for antimicrobial applications:A green expertise. Journal of Advanced Research.7:17-28
6Amin Boroumand & Mogaddam , Farideh Namvar, Mona Moniri, Paridah Md,Tahir , Susan Azizi & Rosafarizan Mohammed .( 2015) Nano particle bio synthesis from fungi and yeast, a review of their preparation properties and medical application .Molecules. 20:16540-16565
7Shakila Banu Vasanth & Gino A Kurian (2017) Toxicity evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical and green route in different experimental models. Artificial cells ,Nano medicine and Biotechnology.14:1-7
8Alexandros Besins, Tracy De Peralta, Christopher J. Tredwin, and Richard D. Handy (2015) A review of nanomaterials in dentistry: Interactions with the oral microenvironment, clinical applications, hazards and benefits. American Chemistry Society Nano.9(3):2255-2289

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