2^nd International Conference and Exhibition on Materials Science and Chemistry July 13-14, 2017 Berlin, Germany

Felipe León Olivares graduated from the UNAM´s Chemistry Faculty as a Chemist and he has a PhD in Education from the Instituto Politécnico Nacional’s (IPN) Centro de Invstigación de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV). He is currently a professor at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria-UNAM. He has specialized in the history of chemistry in Mexico. He has published 20 papers in different journals and coautor of 7 books and 5 chapters about the history of chemistry. He is advisor of the Master Educacion Media Superior (MADEMS- Facultad de Química-UNAM).

The aim of this paper is to analyze the chemistry lecture and cabinet in the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP by its acronym in Spanish) at the end of 19th century. Nowadays, the ENP is part of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México’s (UNAM by its acronym in Spanish) high school subsystem. On one hand, the study to show the material culture of the ENP’s Chemistry cabinet, as part of the Chemistry lecture and the lecturer’s academic formation. On the other hand, the books that were used during the lectures between the years 1867 and 1900. Finally, the work is based on archive work, such as the UNAM’s Historic Archive through the Fondo Escuela Nacional Preparatoria. Furthermore, the UNAM’s Archivo Histórico de la Antigua Escuela Nacional de Medicina (AHAENM by its acronym in Spanish), particularly the Student’s Files.

C H Wong has his expertise in Monte Carlo simulation and ab-initio calculation in material science. He has passion in searching for 300 K superconductors. He has joined in an experimental physics group and was trained to conduct AC calorimetry in the resolution better than 5 decimal places during his Doctoral degree in Hong Kong. He made contributions in capturing tiny superconducting signals in nanostructured materials and also discovered more fundamental physics of superconductors based on the ultra-weak heat capacity anomaly. After he graduated in 2015, he explores in theoretical condensed matter physics as a Postdoctoral Researcher in Russia, in order to design high temperature superconductors from theoretically point of view. He has constructed a stochastic model for carbon nanowire carrying extremely large Debye frequency and proposes the algorithm towards stabilized carbon nanowires array.

A plenty of theoretical studies have been conducted by DFT to predict the physical properties of carbon chain. In the present work we develop a powerful Monte Carlo algorithm of the carbon chains ordered into 3D hexagonal array. Our group develops a new routine to probe the phase transition between the alpha and beta carbyne based on the chemical bond and atomic distributions. Our model confirms that the cumulene phase is more energetic preferable at low temperatures but the carbon chain prefers to switch into polyvine phase at high temperatures. The bond softening temperature is observed at 480 K. The larger bond softening temperature is observed in the presence of interstitial doping but it does not show length-dependence. The elastic modulus of the carbon chains is 1.7 TPa at 5 K and the thermal expansion is +70 µ K-1 at 300 K via monitoring the resultant atomic vibrations and bond distributions. Thermal fluctuation in terms of heat capacity as a function of temperatures shows that the melting point is around 3800 K. The carbon atoms along the carbon nanowire arranged in relaxed state is displayed at the end.

Makarim H Abdulkareem is a PhD student in Production Engineering and Metallurgy at the University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. She is working as a Lecturer from 1994 at the same school where she is studying. She obtained her Bachelor’s in Metallurgy Engineering in 1994, and in 2000 she got MSc in Metallurgy Engineering. She had studied Surface Engineering for PhD thesis with emphasis on the electrophoretic deposition of nanobiocomposite materials. She has contributed greatly to the understanding of surface engineering of materials and deposition of nanobiocomposite materials. Also she is a member in (TMS, JOM, AIST, and MRS) and has published many researches in her field.

The aim of this work is to improve the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite/yttria stabilized zirconia by using functionally graded materials (FGMs) on 316L stainless steel as a substrate using electrophoretic deposition technique. Four layers of functionally graded materials (100% HA, 70%HA + 30%YSZ +30%HA +70%YSZ, 100% YSZ) were deposited on thin layer of chitosan deposited on substrate. 0.5 g/L chitosan was used as a binder between particles layers of FGM. Solvent which used to prepare FGM layers consist of alcohol and distilled water (ethanol, 5 vol.% water and containing 0.5 g/L of chitosan dissolved in 1 vol.% acetic acid) with 3g/L for each HA and YSZ. The pH value was performed and fitted at 4. Single and FGM layers were tested in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) with two periods (two and four weeks) in order to evaluate the bioactivity of coatings. The results demonstrated the good buildup of apatite which was increased with increasing the thickness of FGM layer. New phase of HA with high intensity were appeared as obtained from XRD. The layers have a good adherent with the substrate after immersing in SBF.

Ali M Resen is a PhD student in Production Engineering and Metallurgy, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq. He is working as a Lecturer at the same school where he is studying. He obtained his Bachelor’s in Metallurgy Engineering in 2004, and he got his MSc in Metallurgy Engineering in 2008. He had studied Surface Engineering for PhD and the thesis subject was laser processing and thermal barrier coating material. He has contributed greatly to the understanding of surface engineering of materials and coating material. Also he is a member in many scientific societies and has published many research articles in his field.

Yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings are frequently promising ceramic coatings used in many hot sections of turbine engines and isolation unit of fuel in oil refineries. Many surface sealing treatments have been employed to improve service lifetimes of these coatings by improving chemical and thermo-mechanical resistance. This work aimed to study the effect of hot corrosion molten salt of eutectic V2O5 + 45 wt% Na2SO4 on the performance of as-sprayed and as-sealed zirconia 8 wt% yttria coatings. Hot corrosion was done by exposing the samples to an isothermal air furnace testing at 900°C for different exposure times of 1, 40, and 80 hours. Upper surface plan views of the coatings were examined using scanning electron microscopy to observe the morphological and microstructural changes. Element analysis and phases identification of the corrosion products were determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate the higher resistance of as-sealed coatings compared with as-sprayed coatings to the hot corrosion. Degradation due to the presence of eutectic harsh salt attack was occurred by destabilization of yttria from the zirconia yttria coatings. This will lead to disrupt transformation from metastable tetragonal phase (t\') to monoclinic phase (m). The formation of m phase having lower yttria content is taken place due to the formation of YVO4 by leaching process. This introduces additional stresses which may lead to final degradation of coatings. The low leaching rate of yttria for the sealed coatings is related to the absence of pockets of open porosity eliminated after laser sealing of porous plasma sprayed coating.

Rehab H Khanjar has experience as a Lecturer at the Institute of Technology for more than 20 years. She has done her Bachelor’s degree from the University of Technology in Baghdad in Production and Metallurgy department. She has done her MSc in Extraction of Metals from University of Technology in Baghdad. She has done her PhD in Metallurgy and works as the Manager for Leetani Co., a company for general trading and engineering consultation for more than five years.

Different researches had studied the effect of laser parameters on the depth of melt or on the hardness of different types of iron using CO2 or Nd:YAG laser. In this research experimental investigation of the effect of laser melting of gray cast iron on the melted volume, the time to melt, the peak temperature, normalized temperature, also the relation between laser spot diameter and the melted track width. The work was carried out using a 600 W continuous wave Yb-YAG fiber laser under different parameters of laser, processing, and material, based on Taguchi L16B design of experiments. The variables are, laser power (80, 230, 380 and 530 W), traverse speed (2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mm/s), beam diameter (1.5, 1.9, 2.4 and 3.3 mm), surface roughness (0.203, 2.127, 3.623 and 5.363 µm) and shrouding gas (0.0, 5, 10 and 20 SLPM). Self-quenching and rapid solidification caused by laser melting altered deeply the cast iron structure. Structural changed volume is temperature and time dependent. It is important to find the volume of altered region, the peak temperature, normalized temperature, and time to melt for each case, then the relation between the experimental parameters and the measured features. The output of Taguchi design of experiments is described using different features which have direct effect on surface performance. Different equations were obtained that explain the relation between laser parameters and the geometrical dimensions, time to melt, peak temperature and normalized temperature, in addition the relation between laser spot diameter and the melted track.